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	<title>Comments for African Arguments</title>
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		<title>Comment on Counter-terrorism in Somalia, or: how external interferences helped to produce militant Islamism by Herzog</title>
		<link>http://africanarguments.org/2009/12/counter-terrorism-in-somalia-or-how-external-interferences-helped-to-produce-militant-islamism/comment-page-1/#comment-17144</link>
		<dc:creator>Herzog</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 09 Mar 2010 23:35:16 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://africanarguments.org/?p=752#comment-17144</guid>
		<description>Mr. Hoehne, 

you are being disingenious on a number of counts. 

You only mention Al-Shabaab, but ignore the Mah&#039;aakim islaamiyya (Islamic Courts). While the former indeed are mostly a post-intervention phenomenon, the former were there before the Ethiopian army ever crossed into Somalia. Moreover, the IC boasted very publicly that they intended to march into Ethiopia (with the ultimate goal of turning it into an Islamic country even); and they were highly violent at that time already. 

The IC don&#039;t fit your narrative matrix -- large-scale violent Somali Islamism (and there never is a collectively non-violent one; or can you name an example?) only as a reaction to outside intervention -- so you have conveniently chosen to ignore them. 

Islamic totalitarianism a response to &quot;Democratic totalitarianism&quot;? Ah, sure, that&#039;s why, for instance, Numayri, Turabi and al-Bashiir (until recently) opted for culturally exterminating the Southern Sudanese, those powerful agents of &quot;DT&quot;. Now I see the light. The enslaved and impregnated Dinka women should simply not have adopted the cause of the US and its nefarious allies. 

 And of course it makes sense to stone adulterers and adulteresses to death as a tool of resistance to DT. For the same reason, kill Muslims who convert to another or no religion; and artists who (mildly) mock Islam. It&#039;s just what they do in the &quot;DT&quot; states of the West with their converts our of Christianity and with artists who mock Christianity. 

Your ideological blindness and moral equivalency indeed make you a worthy representative of what frequently today passes for social science. I am virtually certain that you have a great future in academia ahead of you. 

Finally, I am greatly encouraged to learn that Iran is now increasingly aligned with the &quot;DT&quot; camp.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Mr. Hoehne, </p>
<p>you are being disingenious on a number of counts. </p>
<p>You only mention Al-Shabaab, but ignore the Mah&#8217;aakim islaamiyya (Islamic Courts). While the former indeed are mostly a post-intervention phenomenon, the former were there before the Ethiopian army ever crossed into Somalia. Moreover, the IC boasted very publicly that they intended to march into Ethiopia (with the ultimate goal of turning it into an Islamic country even); and they were highly violent at that time already. </p>
<p>The IC don&#8217;t fit your narrative matrix &#8212; large-scale violent Somali Islamism (and there never is a collectively non-violent one; or can you name an example?) only as a reaction to outside intervention &#8212; so you have conveniently chosen to ignore them. </p>
<p>Islamic totalitarianism a response to &#8220;Democratic totalitarianism&#8221;? Ah, sure, that&#8217;s why, for instance, Numayri, Turabi and al-Bashiir (until recently) opted for culturally exterminating the Southern Sudanese, those powerful agents of &#8220;DT&#8221;. Now I see the light. The enslaved and impregnated Dinka women should simply not have adopted the cause of the US and its nefarious allies. </p>
<p> And of course it makes sense to stone adulterers and adulteresses to death as a tool of resistance to DT. For the same reason, kill Muslims who convert to another or no religion; and artists who (mildly) mock Islam. It&#8217;s just what they do in the &#8220;DT&#8221; states of the West with their converts our of Christianity and with artists who mock Christianity. </p>
<p>Your ideological blindness and moral equivalency indeed make you a worthy representative of what frequently today passes for social science. I am virtually certain that you have a great future in academia ahead of you. </p>
<p>Finally, I am greatly encouraged to learn that Iran is now increasingly aligned with the &#8220;DT&#8221; camp.</p>
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		<title>Comment on African Democracy by KHZ</title>
		<link>http://africanarguments.org/2009/01/african-democracy/comment-page-1/#comment-16881</link>
		<dc:creator>KHZ</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 06 Mar 2010 14:01:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://africanarguments.org/?p=81#comment-16881</guid>
		<description>Over 30 civil society groups working on democracy and governance in Africa came together in Pretoria, South Africa, on 22-23 February 2010, to discuss strategies for the popularization, ratification, and implementation of the African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance, which was adopted by the African Union in January 2007.  

These groups discussed the significance of the Charter particularly now that the resurgence of unconstitutional changes of government has been witnessed in Africa in recent years. The meeting also focused on civil society strategies for popularize the Charter among various stakeholders and identify targets for the ratification process. In addition to Ethiopia and Mauritania, two countries - Sierra Leone and Bukina Faso - recently ratified the Charter. 

During the meeting, it was announced by South Africa&#039;s Deputy Minister of International Relations and Cooperation, Ms. Sue van der Merwe, that South African President Jacob Zuma recently signed the Charter and asked the Parliament to ratify. In order for the Charter to come to effect, at least 15 countries need to ratify. The meeting was organized by IDASA and the African Democracy Forum (ADF).  Please see the Declaration issued by the meeting participants.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Over 30 civil society groups working on democracy and governance in Africa came together in Pretoria, South Africa, on 22-23 February 2010, to discuss strategies for the popularization, ratification, and implementation of the African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance, which was adopted by the African Union in January 2007.  </p>
<p>These groups discussed the significance of the Charter particularly now that the resurgence of unconstitutional changes of government has been witnessed in Africa in recent years. The meeting also focused on civil society strategies for popularize the Charter among various stakeholders and identify targets for the ratification process. In addition to Ethiopia and Mauritania, two countries &#8211; Sierra Leone and Bukina Faso &#8211; recently ratified the Charter. </p>
<p>During the meeting, it was announced by South Africa&#8217;s Deputy Minister of International Relations and Cooperation, Ms. Sue van der Merwe, that South African President Jacob Zuma recently signed the Charter and asked the Parliament to ratify. In order for the Charter to come to effect, at least 15 countries need to ratify. The meeting was organized by IDASA and the African Democracy Forum (ADF).  Please see the Declaration issued by the meeting participants.</p>
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		<title>Comment on Counter-terrorism in Somalia, or: how external interferences helped to produce militant Islamism by Markus Hoehne</title>
		<link>http://africanarguments.org/2009/12/counter-terrorism-in-somalia-or-how-external-interferences-helped-to-produce-militant-islamism/comment-page-1/#comment-16819</link>
		<dc:creator>Markus Hoehne</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 05 Mar 2010 12:19:47 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://africanarguments.org/?p=752#comment-16819</guid>
		<description>Just to reply to Herzog:
Of course we all are cleverer with the benefit of hindsight. The US administration and its analysts are not different in this regard (look at current analyses of decision taking and interferences concerning Iraq and Afghanistan). In my paper, however, I tried to show exactly that there was a fertile soil for Islamism in Somalia (which is a very wide term which refers to political and socially active agents who refuse violence as well as to those who pursue their political and other visions violently). Yet, it was the Ethiopian and US interventions that added the fertilizer to make the existing movement first, violent, and second, acceptable (from end of 2006 to end of 2008) to large parts of the Somali population that previously did NOT sympathize with militant Islamists, at least. This last point directly translated into crowds of young Somalis giving up their ‘meaningless life’ in a failed state and joining Al Shabaab for a ‘good cause’. This is the reason why we today have about 5000 Al Shabaab fighters and not 2-300 as in 2006. 
 
Regarding Islamic totalitarianism – one could easily argue that this is an answer to ‘democratic totalitarianism’ that anyway only insufficiently disguises economic and geo-political interests of the currently dominating posers – led by the USA, followed suit by European governments, and increasingly played along with by Russia, China, India, Iran and so forth (whose interests of course partly conflict with the interests of the USA and European states). Certainly, not all of the dynamics of Islamic violence always answer ‘Western’ or better: neo-imperial violence. But very often they actually do – beginning with the Mujahediin’s response to the Soviet invasion in Afghanistan, which was greatly aided by the US. 
 
To pretend that neo-imperial politics would not have a very great part in the current mess of Somalia and other violent places such as Iraq, Afghanistan, and maybe soon Yemen etc. would mean to be utterly blind to the consequences of contemporary geo-politics. 
 </description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Just to reply to Herzog:<br />
Of course we all are cleverer with the benefit of hindsight. The US administration and its analysts are not different in this regard (look at current analyses of decision taking and interferences concerning Iraq and Afghanistan). In my paper, however, I tried to show exactly that there was a fertile soil for Islamism in Somalia (which is a very wide term which refers to political and socially active agents who refuse violence as well as to those who pursue their political and other visions violently). Yet, it was the Ethiopian and US interventions that added the fertilizer to make the existing movement first, violent, and second, acceptable (from end of 2006 to end of 2008) to large parts of the Somali population that previously did NOT sympathize with militant Islamists, at least. This last point directly translated into crowds of young Somalis giving up their ‘meaningless life’ in a failed state and joining Al Shabaab for a ‘good cause’. This is the reason why we today have about 5000 Al Shabaab fighters and not 2-300 as in 2006.<br />
 <br />
Regarding Islamic totalitarianism – one could easily argue that this is an answer to ‘democratic totalitarianism’ that anyway only insufficiently disguises economic and geo-political interests of the currently dominating posers – led by the USA, followed suit by European governments, and increasingly played along with by Russia, China, India, Iran and so forth (whose interests of course partly conflict with the interests of the USA and European states). Certainly, not all of the dynamics of Islamic violence always answer ‘Western’ or better: neo-imperial violence. But very often they actually do – beginning with the Mujahediin’s response to the Soviet invasion in Afghanistan, which was greatly aided by the US.<br />
 <br />
To pretend that neo-imperial politics would not have a very great part in the current mess of Somalia and other violent places such as Iraq, Afghanistan, and maybe soon Yemen etc. would mean to be utterly blind to the consequences of contemporary geo-politics.<br />
 </p>
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		<title>Comment on Counter-terrorism in Somalia, or: how external interferences helped to produce militant Islamism by Herzog</title>
		<link>http://africanarguments.org/2009/12/counter-terrorism-in-somalia-or-how-external-interferences-helped-to-produce-militant-islamism/comment-page-1/#comment-16232</link>
		<dc:creator>Herzog</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 26 Feb 2010 01:13:56 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://africanarguments.org/?p=752#comment-16232</guid>
		<description>Maybe American and Ethiopian policies towards Somalia were not always the wisest. Can be debated. With hindsight some people become very clever. 

However, the primary actors responsible for Islamic totalitarianism and terrorism running rampant in Somalia are not the Ethiopians and Americans, but the Somalis. Somali Islamic totalitarainism and terrorism was there before the Ethiopian intervention -- in fact it triggered it -- and American missile attacks. 

Moreover, why react to Ethiopian / American actions with Islamic militancy? Why not with other ideologies and actions of resistance? There is no fully deterministic nexus between Ethiopian / American interference and Islamic militancy. The latter is only chosen by people who are already highly prone to such totalitarian thinking and the violent path of action it prescribes. 

There are hierarchies of responsibility and blame which the author conveniently neglects. He focuses exclusively on the secondary, tertiary, quarternary, whatever responsibility/culpability of outsiders, while ignoring the primary responsibility of the local Somali actors. Ultimately, it amounts to little less than a piece of clever Euro social scientist US bashing. 

And what exactly, by the way, is the contribution of stoning &quot;adulterers&quot; or &quot;adulturesses&quot; to resistance against (now absent) Ethiopians or Americans?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Maybe American and Ethiopian policies towards Somalia were not always the wisest. Can be debated. With hindsight some people become very clever. </p>
<p>However, the primary actors responsible for Islamic totalitarianism and terrorism running rampant in Somalia are not the Ethiopians and Americans, but the Somalis. Somali Islamic totalitarainism and terrorism was there before the Ethiopian intervention &#8212; in fact it triggered it &#8212; and American missile attacks. </p>
<p>Moreover, why react to Ethiopian / American actions with Islamic militancy? Why not with other ideologies and actions of resistance? There is no fully deterministic nexus between Ethiopian / American interference and Islamic militancy. The latter is only chosen by people who are already highly prone to such totalitarian thinking and the violent path of action it prescribes. </p>
<p>There are hierarchies of responsibility and blame which the author conveniently neglects. He focuses exclusively on the secondary, tertiary, quarternary, whatever responsibility/culpability of outsiders, while ignoring the primary responsibility of the local Somali actors. Ultimately, it amounts to little less than a piece of clever Euro social scientist US bashing. </p>
<p>And what exactly, by the way, is the contribution of stoning &#8220;adulterers&#8221; or &#8220;adulturesses&#8221; to resistance against (now absent) Ethiopians or Americans?</p>
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		<title>Comment on African Democracy by Alexander Eichener</title>
		<link>http://africanarguments.org/2009/01/african-democracy/comment-page-1/#comment-16180</link>
		<dc:creator>Alexander Eichener</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 25 Feb 2010 10:52:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://africanarguments.org/?p=81#comment-16180</guid>
		<description>Somaliland is indeed a very important positive example. 
That is the reason why many foreigners and virtually all African states try their utmost to ignore it, and to pretend that it not there.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Somaliland is indeed a very important positive example.<br />
That is the reason why many foreigners and virtually all African states try their utmost to ignore it, and to pretend that it not there.</p>
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		<title>Comment on The ICC, Sudan, and the Crisis of Human Rights by James Nyawo</title>
		<link>http://africanarguments.org/2009/03/the-icc-sudan-and-the-crisis-of-human-rights/comment-page-1/#comment-15918</link>
		<dc:creator>James Nyawo</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 21 Feb 2010 23:32:37 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://africanarguments.org/?p=213#comment-15918</guid>
		<description>ICC is a very good institution and should be supported. At the same time, I am a little bit concerned like many of its close relationship with the United Nations Security Council. The United Nations Security Council is a purely power based and political institution which should remain miles aways from the judical system. As you can see now, the Africa Union is not confortable with the fact that the Sudan situation was  referred to the court via a UNSC Resolution because the UNSC is not democratic at all. Those permanent -5 countries will always protect their own interests at the expense of international justice. Recently, it came out clearly that the UK violated international law by invading Iraqi, and do you think Mr Tony Blair will be send to the Hague? How about the recent revelations that in Occupied Territory of Palastine (OTP) the Goldstone Report about possible war crimes, do you think ICC will be involved even with the recent reports that the Israel Army took body parts from those killed in the conflict, I do not see Ocampo and his team leading in Telviv. Where does this leave us then? It leaves the ICC focusing on the poor states, the small fish like Kenya, Uganda Sudan, now maybe in Guinea !!! 

I am sure it makes sense to say the International Criminal Court is a court for the poor and developing countries

There is need for consistancy is the ICC is to maintain its status and global legitimancy as a &#039;gift of hope&#039; like former UN Security General once said. 

With double hope</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>ICC is a very good institution and should be supported. At the same time, I am a little bit concerned like many of its close relationship with the United Nations Security Council. The United Nations Security Council is a purely power based and political institution which should remain miles aways from the judical system. As you can see now, the Africa Union is not confortable with the fact that the Sudan situation was  referred to the court via a UNSC Resolution because the UNSC is not democratic at all. Those permanent -5 countries will always protect their own interests at the expense of international justice. Recently, it came out clearly that the UK violated international law by invading Iraqi, and do you think Mr Tony Blair will be send to the Hague? How about the recent revelations that in Occupied Territory of Palastine (OTP) the Goldstone Report about possible war crimes, do you think ICC will be involved even with the recent reports that the Israel Army took body parts from those killed in the conflict, I do not see Ocampo and his team leading in Telviv. Where does this leave us then? It leaves the ICC focusing on the poor states, the small fish like Kenya, Uganda Sudan, now maybe in Guinea !!! </p>
<p>I am sure it makes sense to say the International Criminal Court is a court for the poor and developing countries</p>
<p>There is need for consistancy is the ICC is to maintain its status and global legitimancy as a &#8216;gift of hope&#8217; like former UN Security General once said. </p>
<p>With double hope</p>
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		<title>Comment on What Barack Obama means to young Africans by Greg Santos</title>
		<link>http://africanarguments.org/2009/01/what-barack-obama-means-to-young-africans/comment-page-1/#comment-15718</link>
		<dc:creator>Greg Santos</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 19 Feb 2010 07:03:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://africanarguments.org/?p=4#comment-15718</guid>
		<description>Barack Obama is a very special person since he is the first black president of the  United States of America. his ability as a president is also very good and his plans for economic recovery is a good one.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Barack Obama is a very special person since he is the first black president of the  United States of America. his ability as a president is also very good and his plans for economic recovery is a good one.</p>
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		<title>Comment on The ICC, Sudan, and the Crisis of Human Rights by Amber</title>
		<link>http://africanarguments.org/2009/03/the-icc-sudan-and-the-crisis-of-human-rights/comment-page-1/#comment-14987</link>
		<dc:creator>Amber</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 10 Feb 2010 17:11:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://africanarguments.org/?p=213#comment-14987</guid>
		<description>It is healthy to have criticisms of the ICC and question it. However, it is also important to realize that the ICC can really be this force of international justice that serves as a strong, effective mediator in international conflicts. Just as Alex stated,

&quot; In the U.S., President Obama is in no rush to prosecute members of the previous Administration for what he recognizes correctly as torture and surely will not allow the ICC to do the job that the U.S. courts are unwilling to do.&quot; 

This is why we need the ICC to do what the US refuses to do, not only that, but hopefully have the US join the ICC one day. If the ICC can be this force of international justice and harness enough power, then other countries will follow suit. There have been many positive things that the ICC has done as well, especially in the case in Sudan. IJCentral believes that ICC&#039;s indictment of Omar al Bashir is indeed helping the Sudan. 

Visit www.ijcentral.org to find out more up to date information about the activities of the ICC. IJCentral is a resource of articles, blogs, discussions, and videos about the ICC. It would be another place to hold open discussions about Sudan and other activities of the ICC.

</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>It is healthy to have criticisms of the ICC and question it. However, it is also important to realize that the ICC can really be this force of international justice that serves as a strong, effective mediator in international conflicts. Just as Alex stated,</p>
<p>&#8221; In the U.S., President Obama is in no rush to prosecute members of the previous Administration for what he recognizes correctly as torture and surely will not allow the ICC to do the job that the U.S. courts are unwilling to do.&#8221; </p>
<p>This is why we need the ICC to do what the US refuses to do, not only that, but hopefully have the US join the ICC one day. If the ICC can be this force of international justice and harness enough power, then other countries will follow suit. There have been many positive things that the ICC has done as well, especially in the case in Sudan. IJCentral believes that ICC&#8217;s indictment of Omar al Bashir is indeed helping the Sudan. </p>
<p>Visit <a href="http://www.ijcentral.org" rel="nofollow">http://www.ijcentral.org</a> to find out more up to date information about the activities of the ICC. IJCentral is a resource of articles, blogs, discussions, and videos about the ICC. It would be another place to hold open discussions about Sudan and other activities of the ICC.</p>
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		<title>Comment on Who belongs? The politics of citizenship in Africa &#8211; Debate Overview by Sebastian Kohn</title>
		<link>http://africanarguments.org/2010/02/the-struggle-for-citizenship-in-africa/comment-page-1/#comment-14860</link>
		<dc:creator>Sebastian Kohn</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 09 Feb 2010 15:42:07 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://africanarguments.org/?p=678#comment-14860</guid>
		<description>Thank you for your comment, Richard. While we did not look at the Zambian case in any great detail during our research, it appears to have similarities with the situation in Zimbabwe.

Any background materials and readings you can suggest on this topic would be very helpful, as it could be featured on the web.

Please feel free to email me directly on skohn@justiceinitiative.org
</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Thank you for your comment, Richard. While we did not look at the Zambian case in any great detail during our research, it appears to have similarities with the situation in Zimbabwe.</p>
<p>Any background materials and readings you can suggest on this topic would be very helpful, as it could be featured on the web.</p>
<p>Please feel free to email me directly on <a href="mailto:skohn@justiceinitiative.org">skohn@justiceinitiative.org</a></p>
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		<title>Comment on African Democracy by Korey Merganthaler</title>
		<link>http://africanarguments.org/2009/01/african-democracy/comment-page-1/#comment-14750</link>
		<dc:creator>Korey Merganthaler</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 07 Feb 2010 17:10:50 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://africanarguments.org/?p=81#comment-14750</guid>
		<description>Thank you for the sound critique. Me and my neighbour were just preparing to do some research about this. I am very happy to see such great information being shared freely out there.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Thank you for the sound critique. Me and my neighbour were just preparing to do some research about this. I am very happy to see such great information being shared freely out there.</p>
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